Meloetta (Pokémon)

← #647: Keldeo	Pokémon	#649: Genesect →
This article is about the species. For a specific instance of this species, see Meloetta (disambiguation).

Meloetta メロエッタ Meloetta #648 Meloetta Images on the Bulbagarden Archives
Types Normal Psychic Meloetta Normal Fighting Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Abilities Serene Grace Cacophony Cacophony Cacophony Hidden Ability Cacophony Hidden Ability Cacophony Cacophony
Gender ratio Gender unknown	Catch rate 3 (1.6%)
Breeding Egg Group Undiscovered Hatch time 21 cycles
Height 2'00" 0.6 m Meloetta 0'0" 0 m {{{form2}}} 0'0" 0 m {{{form3}}} 0'0" 0 m {{{form4}}}	Weight 14.3 lbs. 6.5 kg Meloetta 0 lbs. 0 kg {{{form2}}} 0 lbs. 0 kg {{{form3}}} 0 lbs. 0 kg {{{form4}}}
Mega Stone [[|]] [[|]]
Base experience yield Unknown Gen. IV Unknown IV 270	Leveling rate Slow
EV yield Total: 3 Meloetta 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 1 Sp.Atk 1 Sp.Def 1 Speed 0 HP 1 Atk 1 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 1 Speed 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 0 Speed 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 0 Speed
Shape	Footprint {{{form2}}}
Pokédex color   White	Base friendship 100
External Links On Smogon Pokédex: Generation V Generation VI Generation VII Generation VIII Generation IX Artwork on Bulbagarden Archives

Meloetta (Japanese: メロエッタ Meloetta) is a Normal-type legendary Pokémon.

While it is not known to evolve into or from any Pokémon, it has a second Forme activated by using the move Relic Song in battle. Its original Forme, Aria Forme, will then become Pirouette Forme.

Meloetta was leaked on a poster of M15 on February 26, 2012, and it was officially revealed by Oha Suta on March 1, 2012.

Biology

Physiology

Meloetta seems to be a femininely anthropomorphic figure with musical bar-style streaks in its hair, quarter notes (crotchets) (♩) for its arms and hands, and pupil-less eyes resembling whole notes (semibreves). It has a jewel on its forehead and a black headpiece that seems to be shaped like a treble clef which doubles as an attached microphone such as one often used by singers. Its ovular head seems to be ⅓ its body's height and about half its height in width. In its Aria Forme, it has light blue eyes and flowing, wavy hair with light-blue ovals that resemble whole notes. In its Pirouette Forme, it has auburn hair that seems to be stylized in a high bun and red eyes. In either Forme, its midriff and eyes match its hair.

Gender differences

Meloetta is a genderless species.

Special abilities

According to artists in Unova, Meloetta's beautiful music and dance inspired many works of art, music, and songs. This made the Pokémon popular among both musicians and dancers.

Meloetta is able to change forms when it uses the move Relic Song, which changes its form from Aria Forme to its Pirouette Forme, or vice versa. In its Aria Forme, it is a dual-type Normal/Psychic-type Pokémon; in its Pirouette Forme, it is a dual-type Normal/Fighting-type Pokémon. It reverts to Aria Forme when switched out or when the battle ends. Like many other legendary Pokémon, Meloetta is capable of becoming invisible.

Behavior

In its Aria Forme, Meloetta can sing beautiful songs. While in its Pirouette Forme, Meloetta can perform graceful dances.

Diet

Main article: Pokémon food

History

Meloetta once played a song and danced so lightly, it filled people's hearts with joy. However, when sorrow darkened the world, Meloetta lost the melody. At the same time, its red shoes were lost somewhere.

Upon entering the cafe in Castelia City, a guitarist, who knows of the story, remembers Meloetta's melody. Upon playing it, Meloetta remembers the song that it had danced to.

In the anime

Meloetta's Aria Forme in the anime

Major appearances

Meloetta (anime)

Meloetta made its debut in An Epic Defense Force! (although it had previously appeared in PK23). Later, in All for the Love of Meloetta! it appeared in front of Cynthia's car, having been attacked by Team Rocket. It follows Ash, Iris, Cilan, and Cynthia to Undella Town and appears again in Piplup, Pansage, and a Meeting of the Times!. It openly reveals itself and even sings after becoming very comfortable around Ash and his friends.

By Meloetta and the Undersea Temple!, Meloetta had become comfortable enough to challenge one of Ash's Pokémon to a battle; however, the battle was interrupted by Ridley who mistakenly believed Ash was attacking it. Giovanni and Team Rocket later force Meloetta to surrender after threatening Ash and Pikachu. Its final appearance thus far is in Unova's Survival Crisis! when it decides to go home with Ridley.

In the manga

Meloetta's Aria Forme in Pokémon Adventures

In the Pokémon Adventures manga

Meloetta made its debut in ABW40, where it was attracted to the flute music made by Bianca. After sneaking aboard the Battle Subway train, Meloetta found its way to Café Sonata, only to be attacked by a group of wild Vullaby. After finding out what happened, White protected Meloetta while Bianca decided to take a guitar and play with Meloetta in place of the Guitarist that was injured in the chaos.

With her skills in music, Bianca helped Meloetta remember the Relic Song that it had long since forgotten. Meloetta uses the attack to transform into its Pirouette Forme and defeat the wild Vullaby group. Afterward, it said its goodbyes to White and Bianca and left.

In the Pokémon Pocket Monsters manga

A Meloetta appeared in PMBW29 of Pocket Monsters BW.

In the TCG

Main article: Meloetta (TCG)

Game data

Pokédex entries

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation I Red {{{redbluedex}}} Blue Yellow {{{yellowdex}}} Stadium {{{stadiumdex}}}
Generation II Gold {{{golddex}}} Silver {{{silverdex}}} Crystal {{{crystaldex}}} Stadium 2 Unknown
Generation III Ruby {{{rubydex}}} Sapphire {{{sapphiredex}}} Emerald {{{emeralddex}}} FireRed {{{firereddex}}} LeafGreen {{{leafgreendex}}}
Generation IV Diamond {{{diamonddex}}} Pearl {{{pearldex}}} Platinum {{{platinumdex}}} HeartGold {{{heartgolddex}}} SoulSilver {{{soulsilverdex}}}
Generation V Black Its melodies are sung with a special vocalization method that can control the feelings of those who hear it. White Many famous songs have been inspired by the melodies that Meloetta plays. Black 2 The melodies sung by Meloetta have the power to make Pokémon that hear them happy or sad. White 2 {{{white2dex}}}
Generation VI X Unknown Y Unknown

Game locations

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation I Red Blue None Trade Blue (Japan) None Trade Yellow None Trade
Generation II Gold Silver None Trade Crystal None Trade
Generation III Ruby Sapphire None Trade Emerald None Trade FireRed LeafGreen None Trade Colosseum None Trade XD None Trade
Generation IV Diamond Pearl None Trade Platinum None Trade HeartGold SoulSilver None Trade Pal Park None Pokéwalker None
Generation V Black White None Event Black 2 White 2 None Event Dream World None
Generation VI X Y None Trade

In side games

Game	Location
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Gates to Infinity	Automatically recruited after clearing the main story, Eastern Savanna (Mapless Street)

In events

Games	Event	Language	Location	Level	Distribution period
	Movie Meloetta	Japanese	Japan and Taiwan	15	July 1 to October 5, 2012
	Movie Meloetta	Korean	South Korea	15	December 19, 2012 to February 28, 2013
	Spring 2013 Meloetta	English	Europe, the Americas, and Australia	50	February 23 to April 19, 2013
	Spring 2013 Meloetta	French	Europe, the Americas, and Australia	50	February 23 to April 19, 2013
	Spring 2013 Meloetta	German	Europe, the Americas, and Australia	50	February 23 to April 19, 2013
	Spring 2013 Meloetta	Italian	Europe, the Americas, and Australia	50	February 23 to April 19, 2013
	Spring 2013 Meloetta	Spanish	Europe, the Americas, and Australia	50	February 23 to April 19, 2013

Held items

Game		Held Item(s)
Black	White	Star Piece (100%)
Events*		PP Max (100%)

Base stats

Aria Forme

Stat Range At Lv. 50 At Lv. 100 HP: 100 160 - 207 310 - 404 Attack: 77 73 - 141 143 - 278 Defense: 77 73 - 141 143 - 278 Sp. Atk: 128 119 - 198 234 - 390 Sp. Def: 128 119 - 198 234 - 390 Speed: 90 85 - 156 166 - 306 Total: 600 Other Pokémon with this total Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature. Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.

Pirouette Forme

Stat Range At Lv. 50 At Lv. 100 HP: 100 160 - 207 310 - 404 Attack: 128 119 - 198 234 - 390 Defense: 90 85 - 156 166 - 306 Sp. Atk: 77 73 - 141 143 - 278 Sp. Def: 77 73 - 141 143 - 278 Speed: 128 119 - 198 234 - 390 Total: 600 Other Pokémon with this total Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature. Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.

Type effectiveness

Aria Forme

Under normal battle conditions in Generation IX, this Pokémon is: Damaged normally by: Normal 1× Fighting 1× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 2× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic ½× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 2× Fairy 1× None Weak to: Normal 1× Fighting 1× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 2× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic ½× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 2× Fairy 1× None Immune to: Normal 1× Fighting 1× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 2× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic ½× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 2× Fairy 1× None Resistant to: Normal 1× Fighting 1× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 2× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic ½× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 2× Fairy 1× None Notes: If this Pokémon is given a Ring Target, the effectiveness of  Ghost-type  moves is 2×.

Pirouette Forme

Under normal battle conditions in Generation IX, this Pokémon is: Damaged normally by: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 2× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock ½× Bug ½× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 2× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark ½× Fairy 2× None Weak to: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 2× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock ½× Bug ½× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 2× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark ½× Fairy 2× None Immune to: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 2× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock ½× Bug ½× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 2× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark ½× Fairy 2× None Resistant to: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 2× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock ½× Bug ½× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 2× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark ½× Fairy 2× None Notes: If this Pokémon is given a Ring Target, the effectiveness of  Ghost-type  moves is 1×.

Learnset

By leveling up

Generation V Other generations: VI - VII - VIII - IX

Level   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP  00Start Round Normal Special 06060 100100% 15 066 Quick Attack Normal Physical 04040 100100% 30 1111 Confusion Psychic Special 05050 100100% 25 1616 Sing Normal Status 0000— 05555% 15 2121 Teeter Dance Normal Status 0000— 100100% 20 2626 Acrobatics Flying Physical 05555 100100% 15 3131 Psybeam Psychic Special 06565 100100% 20 3636 Echoed Voice Normal Special 04040 100100% 15 4343 U-turn Bug Physical 07070 100100% 20 5050 Wake-Up Slap Fighting Physical 06060 100100% 10 5757 Psychic Psychic Special 09090 100100% 10 6464 Hyper Voice Normal Special 09090 100100% 10 7171 Role Play Psychic Status 0000— ——% 10 7878 Close Combat Fighting Physical 120120 100100% 5 8585 Perish Song Normal Status 0000— ——% 5

Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Meloetta Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution or alternate form of Meloetta Click on the generation numbers at the top to see level-up moves from other generations

By TM/HM

Generation V Other generations: VI - VII - VIII - IX
TM		Move	Type	Cat.	Pwr.	Acc.	PP
	TM01	Hone Claws	Dark	Status	0000—	—}}—%	15
	TM03	Psyshock	Psychic	Special	08080	100}}100%	10
	TM04	Calm Mind	Psychic	Status	0000—	—}}—%	20
	TM06	Toxic	Poison	Status	0000—	090}}90%	10
	TM10	Hidden Power	Normal	Special	0000—	100}}100%	15
	TM11	Sunny Day	Fire	Status	0000—	—}}—%	5
	TM15	Hyper Beam	Normal	Special	150150	090}}90%	5
	TM16	Light Screen	Psychic	Status	0000—	—}}—%	30
	TM17	Protect	Normal	Status	0000—	—}}—%	10
	TM18	Rain Dance	Water	Status	0000—	—}}—%	5
	TM19	Telekinesis	Psychic	Status	0000—	—}}—%	15
	TM20	Safeguard	Normal	Status	0000—	—}}—%	25
	TM21	Frustration	Normal	Physical	0000—	100}}100%	20
	TM24	Thunderbolt	Electric	Special	09595	100}}100%	15
	TM25	Thunder	Electric	Special	120120	070}}70%	10
	TM27	Return	Normal	Physical	0000—	100}}100%	20
	TM29	Psychic	Psychic	Special	09090	100}}100%	10
	TM30	Shadow Ball	Ghost	Special	08080	100}}100%	15
	TM31	Brick Break	Fighting	Physical	07575	100}}100%	15
	TM32	Double Team	Normal	Status	0000—	—}}—%	15
	TM42	Facade	Normal	Physical	07070	100}}100%	20
	TM44	Rest	Psychic	Status	0000—	—}}—%	10
	TM47	Low Sweep	Fighting	Physical	06060	100}}100%	20
	TM48	Round	Normal	Special	06060	100}}100%	15
	TM49	Echoed Voice	Normal	Special	04040	100}}100%	15
	TM52	Focus Blast	Fighting	Special	120120	070}}70%	5
	TM53	Energy Ball	Grass	Special	08080	100}}100%	10
	TM56	Fling	Dark	Physical	0000—	100}}100%	10
	TM57	Charge Beam	Electric	Special	05050	090}}90%	10
	TM62	Acrobatics	Flying	Physical	05555	100}}100%	15
	TM63	Embargo	Dark	Status	0000—	100}}100%	15
	TM65	Shadow Claw	Ghost	Physical	07070	100}}100%	15
	TM66	Payback	Dark	Physical	05050	100}}100%	10
	TM67	Retaliate	Normal	Physical	07070	100}}100%	5
	TM68	Giga Impact	Normal	Physical	150150	090}}90%	5
	TM70	Flash	Normal	Status	0000—	100}}100%	20
	TM71	Stone Edge	Rock	Physical	100100	080}}80%	5
	TM73	Thunder Wave	Electric	Status	0000—	100}}100%	20
	TM77	Psych Up	Normal	Status	0000—	—}}—%	10
	TM83	Work Up	Normal	Status	0000—	—}}—%	30
	TM85	Dream Eater	Psychic	Special	100100	100}}100%	15
	TM86	Grass Knot	Grass	Special	0000—	100}}100%	20
	TM87	Swagger	Normal	Status	0000—	090}}90%	15
	TM89	U-turn	Bug	Physical	07070	100}}100%	20
	TM90	Substitute	Normal	Status	0000—	—}}—%	10
	TM92	Trick Room	Psychic	Status	0000—	—}}—%	5
	TM94	Rock Smash	Fighting	Physical	04040	100}}100%	15
	HM04	Strength	Normal	Physical	08080	100}}100%	15
Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Meloetta Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution or alternate form of Meloetta

By breeding

Generation V Other generations: VI - VII - VIII - IX
Father	Move	Type	Cat.	Pwr.	Acc.	PP
This Pokémon learns no moves by breeding.
Moves marked with an asterisk (*) must be chain bred onto Meloetta in Generation V Moves marked with a double dagger (‡) can only be bred from a Pokémon who learned the move in an earlier generation. Moves marked with a superscript game abbreviation can only be bred onto Meloetta in that game. Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Meloetta Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Meloetta

By tutoring

Generation V Other generations: VI - VII - VIII - IX
Game				Move	Type	Cat.	Pwr.	Acc.	PP
B	W	B2	W2	Covet	Normal	Physical	60	100%	40
B	W	B2	W2	Drain Punch	Fighting	Physical	75	100%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Dual Chop	Dragon	Physical	40	90%	15
B	W	B2	W2	Fire Punch	Fire	Physical	75	100%	15
B	W	B2	W2	Gravity	Psychic	Status	—	—%	5
B	W	B2	W2	Heal Bell	Normal	Status	—	—%	5
B	W	B2	W2	Helping Hand	Normal	Status	—	—%	20
B	W	B2	W2	Hyper Voice	Normal	Special	90	100%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Ice Punch	Ice	Physical	75	100%	15
B	W	B2	W2	Knock Off	Dark	Physical	20	100%	20
B	W	B2	W2	Last Resort	Normal	Physical	140	100%	5
B	W	B2	W2	Low Kick	Fighting	Physical	—	100%	20
B	W	B2	W2	Magic Coat	Psychic	Status	—	—%	15
B	W	B2	W2	Magic Room	Psychic	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Recycle	Normal	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Relic Song	Normal	Special	75	100%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Role Play	Psychic	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Signal Beam	Bug	Special	75	100%	15
B	W	B2	W2	Skill Swap	Psychic	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Sleep Talk	Normal	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Snatch	Dark	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Snore	Normal	Special	40	100%	15
B	W	B2	W2	ThunderPunch	Electric	Physical	75	100%	15
B	W	B2	W2	Trick	Psychic	Status	—	100%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Uproar	Normal	Special	90	100%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Wonder Room	Psychic	Status	—	—%	10
B	W	B2	W2	Zen Headbutt	Psychic	Physical	80	90%	15
A black abbreviation in a colored box indicates that Meloetta can be tutored the move in that game A colored abbreviation in a white box indicates that Meloetta cannot be tutored the move in that game Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Meloetta Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution or alternate form of Meloetta

By events

Generation V Other generations: VI - VII - VIII - IX
Event	Move	Type	Cat.	Pwr.	Acc.	PP
Spring 2013 MeloettaLv.50	Close Combat	Fighting	Physical	120	100%	5
A superscript level indicates that Meloetta can learn this move normally in Generation V at that level Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Meloetta Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution or alternate form of Meloetta

Evolution

Relic Song Aria Forme Meloetta  Normal  Psychic

↔

Relic Song Pirouette Forme Meloetta  Normal  Fighting

Sprites

Gen	Game
I	Red	Blue	Yellow		Red (Ja)	Green	Back
	This Pokémon did not appear during Generation I.
II	Gold	Silver	Crystal				Back
	This Pokémon did not appear during Generation II.
III	Ruby	Sapphire	Emerald		FireRed	LeafGreen	Back
	This Pokémon did not appear during Generation III.
IV	Diamond	Pearl	Platinum		HeartGold	SoulSilver	Back
	This Pokémon did not appear during Generation IV.
V	Black	White	Black 2	White 2			Back

For other sprites and images, please see Meloetta images on Bulbagarden Archives.

Trivia

• No other Pokémon has the same type combination as Pirouette Forme Meloetta.
• Pirouette Forme Meloetta has the highest Speed base stat and base stat total of all Fighting-type Pokémon, and the highest Speed base stat of all Normal-type Pokémon.
• The red shoes mentioned in the history may be a reference to the Hans Christian Andersen fairytale The Red Shoes.
• Meloetta was leaked on a poster for Kyurem VS. The Sword of Justice during the release of Pokémon Black 2 and White 2.
• Meloetta is the first event-exclusive Pokémon to make its anime debut outside the movies.

Origin

Meloetta's Aria Forme resembles a typical singer with the black headpiece acting like a headset microphone, while the Pirouette Forme resembles a ballerina wearing a tutu and its "hair" curled up in a bun. In this Forme it also shares elements from Spanish Flamenco dancers. Meloetta's headpiece resembles a stylized treble clef. It may be also based on a muse, a mythological entity to whom was attributed, in Ancient Greece, the ability to inspire artistic creation.

Name origin

Meloetta may be a combination of melody and pirouette (a type of movement in ballet). Etta is also a common, feminine Italian suffix meaning little and may refer to Meloetta's feminine appearance and diminutive size. It may literally mean little melody, as Italian words are commonly used for musical directions and descriptions. Etta could also have derived from the famous jazz singer Etta James.

Aria is a term now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment, and is commonly used in opera.

Pirouette—French for to whirl—is a controlled turn on one leg, starting with one or both legs in plié and rising onto demi-pointe (usually for men) or pointe (usually for women). The non-supporting leg can be held in retiré position, or in attitude, arabesque level or second position.

In other languages

Language Title Meaning Japanese メロエッタ Meloetta From melody and pirouette, with the feminine suffix -etta French Meloetta Same as English/Japanese name Spanish Meloetta Same as English/Japanese name German Meloetta Same as English/Japanese name Italian Meloetta Same as English/Japanese name Korean 메로엣타 Meroetta Transliteration of Japanese name Mandarin Chinese 美洛耶塔 Měiluòyétǎ Transliteration of Japanese name Cantonese Chinese

More languages

External links

• Pirouette Forme Meloetta on Smogon Pokédex

	Event exclusives
Pokémon Pikachu in a cap • Spiky-eared Pichu • Victini • Genesect Ash-Greninja • Vivillon (Poké Ball Pattern) • Diancie • Hoopa Volcanion • Magearna • Marshadow • Zeraora • Melmetal • Zarude Walking Wake • Iron Leaves • Pecharunt Moves Happy Hour • Celebrate • Hold Hands • Hold Back Items Bluesky Mail • Mirage Mail • Egg Ticket • Eon Ticket • MysticTicket AuroraTicket • Old Sea Map • Brick Mail • Member Card • Oak's Letter Enigma Stone • Liberty Pass • Discount Coupon • Dynamax Crystal Mythical Pecha Berry Pokéwalker Routes Yellow Forest • Winner's Path • Sightseeing • Rally • Amity Meadow Other C-Gear Skins

Legendary Pokémon

Generation I

Generation II

Generation III

Generation IV

Generation V

Generation VI

Generation VII

Generation VIII

Generation IX

See also: Mythical Pokémon

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Pokémon

#649: Genesect →

This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon species, as well as Pokémon groups and forms.