Catch rate
Each species of Pokémon has a catch rate, a number out of a maximum of 255, that applies to all its members. When a Poké Ball is thrown at a wild Pokémon, the game uses a formula based on its current health, any status effect it may have, the type of ball being used, and that Pokémon's catch rate, to determine the chances of catching that Pokémon.
Approximately, the probability of catching a Pokémon starts with the species' catch rate divided by 255. Then it is multiplied by the following factors:
- The health of the Pokémon (relative to its full health), which can reduce the probability to ⅓× at full health.
- The type of Poké Ball, which can augment by some ×.
- The status of the wild Pokémon, i.e. 2× increase for sleep or freeze, and 1.5× for others.
The effects stack multiplicatively — for example, a 2× and a 3× will combine to be 6×. If the calculation ends up greater than 1, the wild Pokémon is assured to be caught.
The rarity of the Pokémon (i.e. how often it appears in the wild) is totally independent from its catch rate after it is encountered. Even rare Pokémon may have high catch rates, making them relatively easy to catch in battle, such as Nosepass (catch rate 255).
Transform will change a Pokémon's catch rate to that of the target, and is the primary purpose for the existence of catch rates for species that can not be found in the wild. However, in Generation V this is no longer true.
Capture Method (Generation I)
The capture method in Generation I differs significantly from those of later generations. To determine whether a Pokémon is caught or not, the following is performed:
- If a Master Ball is used, the Pokémon is caught.
- If a Poké Ball is used, generate a random number from 0 to 255. If a Great Ball is used, generate a random number from 0 to 200. Otherwise, generate a random number from 0 to 150.
- If the generated value is less than 25 and the Pokémon is asleep or frozen, the Pokémon is caught. If the generated value is less than 12 and the Pokémon is paralyzed, burned, or poisoned, the Pokémon is caught.
- If the generated value is greater than the catch rate of the Pokémon, the Pokémon breaks free. Otherwise, generate a random value between 0 and 255. If f is greater or equal to this value, the Pokémon is caught. Otherwise, the Pokémon breaks free. If the Pokémon breaks free, do the following:
- Compute d. If d ≥ 256, the ball shakes three times before it breaks free.
- Otherwise, compute d × f / 255. Add 10 if the Pokémon is asleep or frozen, and add 5 if it is paralyzed, poisoned, or burned. If this value is less than 10, the ball misses the Pokémon completely. If it is less than 30, the ball shakes once before it breaks free. If it is less than 70, the ball shakes twice before it breaks free. Otherwise, the ball shakes three times before it breaks free.
The variables above are computed as follows:
- d = Catch rate × 100 / Ball Factor, where the Ball Factor is 255 for the Poké Ball, 200 for the Great Ball, and 150 for all other balls.
- f = (HPmax * 255 / Ball Factor) / (HPcurrent / 4), where all divisions are rounded down to the nearest integer (the denominator is set to 1 if it is 0 as a result). The Ball Factor is 8 if a Great Ball is used, and 12 otherwise. The resulting value may not be larger than 255, in which case 255 is used instead.
Capture Method (Generation II and later)
The exact formula in Generation III and onwards are based on three parts: determining the modified catch rate, calculating the "shake probability" and then performing "shake checks". The formula in Generation II is similar, but the formula in Generation I is entirely different.
Modified catch rate
The modified catch rate, a, is the catch rate after various factors such as weakening the Pokémon and using stronger Poké Balls are taken into consideration.
Generation II
The modified catch rate a is calculated in Generation II as follows:
a = (3 × HPmax - 2 × HPcurrent) × (rate × bonusball) / (3 × HPmax) + bonusstatus
with the final value rounded down to the nearest integer, where
- HPmax is the number of hit points the Pokémon has at full health,
- HPcurrent is the number of hit points the Pokémon has at the moment,
- rate is the catch rate of the Pokémon (which may have been previously modified from the use of the Heavy Ball modifiers),
- bonusball is the multiplier for the Poké Ball used, and
- bonusstatus is the multiplier for any status ailment the Pokémon has (10 for sleep and freeze, 5 for paralyze, poison and burn, and 0 otherwise).
Note that in Generation II, if 3 × HPmax > 255, then both 3 × HPmax and 2 × HPcurrent are quartered (rounded down) for use in the formula; if the latter is 0, it is made to 1 instead in this case. Note that the subtraction itself may underflow, due to both values being unsigned 8-bit integers in Generation II.
Generation III-IV
The modified catch rate, a, is calculated in Generation III and Generation IV is as follows:
Where
- HPmax is the number of hit points the Pokémon has at full health,
- HPcurrent is the number of hit points the Pokémon has at the moment,
- rate is the catch rate of the Pokémon (which may have been previously modified from the use of the Heavy Ball or Safari Zone modifiers),
- bonusball is the multiplier for the Poké Ball used, and
- bonusstatus is the multiplier for any status ailment the Pokémon has (2 for sleep and freeze, 1.5 for paralyze, poison and burn, and 1 otherwise).
Given this formula, the maximum value for a (if the Pokémon could have 0 HP) would be catch rate × bonusball × bonusstatus. The minimum value for a (for a Pokémon with full health) would be ⅓ × catch rate.
Generation V
Generation V follows the formula in Generation III-IV, with all divisions above rounded down to the nearest multiple of 1/4096. Furthermore, two additional factors are multiplied into the above formula:
- The Dark Grass Factor: This factor, multiplied into the HP factor (3 × HPmax - 2 × HPcurrent above) and then rounded to the nearest multiple of 1/4096, depends on whether or not the battle occurs in dark grass (where Double Battles may occur), and the number of Pokémon that have been caught in the Pokédex: if the battle is not in dark grass, this is 1. If it is, consult the following table:
- The Entralink Factor: Multiply by 1.1 if Capture Power ↑ is active, 1.2 if Capture Power ↑↑ is active, and 1.3 if Capture Power ↑↑↑, Capture Power S, or Capture Power MAX is active, and round down to the nearest multiple of 1/4096.
| Multiplier | Number Caught |
|---|---|
| 1 | >600 |
| 3686/4096 (90%) | 451-600 |
| 3277/4096 (80%) | 301-450 |
| 2867/4096 (70%)) | 151-300 |
| 2048/4096 (50%) | 30-151 |
| 1229/4096 (30%) | <30 |
If the modified catch rate is greater than 255, the Pokémon is automatically caught. In Generation V, a Critical Capture check is done regardless of whether the Pokémon is otherwise automatically caught.
Shake probability
The shake probability, b, is the probability that a single shake check passes.
Generation II
Consult the following table to determine b:
| a | 0-1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6-7 | 8-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 | 61-80 | 81-100 | 101-120 | 121-140 | 141-160 | 161-180 | 181-200 | 201-220 | 221-240 | 241-254 | 255 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 63 | 75 | 84 | 90 | 95 | 103 | 113 | 126 | 134 | 149 | 160 | 169 | 177 | 191 | 201 | 211 | 220 | 227 | 234 | 240 | 246 | 251 | 253 | 255 |
Generation III-IV
The shake probability is calculated as follows in Generation III and Generation IV:
Generation V
In Generation V, the formula is
b = 65536 / (255/a)^(1/4)
where all divisions and the fourth-roots are rounded to the nearest 1/4096, and the final value is rounded down to the nearest whole number.
Shake checks
A "shake check" is done to determine whether the Pokémon is caught, and, if the Pokémon breaks free, the number of shakes that occurs before it does so.
Generation II
In Generation II, a check occurs to determine whether the Pokémon is caught outright, and shake checks are only used if this check fails to determine the number of shakes before the Pokémon breaks free. To determine if the Pokémon is caught outright, generate a random number between 0 and 255. if this value is less than or equal to a, the Pokémon is caught. To perform a shake check, generate a random number between 0 and 255, and compare it against b. Do this three times or until the check fails, whichever comes first, to determine the number of shakes before the Pokémon breaks free.
Generation III onwards
Unlike Generation II, the shake checks determine whether the Pokémon is caught, and if not, the number of shakes a Poké Ball will make before the Pokémon breaks free. In a standard capture, four checks are done, and in a critical capture, only two checks are done. All checks must pass in order for the Pokémon to be caught, and if the Pokémon breaks free, the number of times the Poké Ball shakes is equal to the number of passed checks. To perform a shake check, generate random numbers between 0 and 65535, inclusive, and compare it against b; the checks fail if the generated value is greater.
Note that as a result of the formula, if a is 255 or greater, then b is 65535 or greater, and then the Pokémon is thus guaranteed to be caught; the game does not perform shake checks in the event of a guaranteed capture before this occurs.
Probability of capture
Therefore, the probability p of catching a Pokémon in a standard capture, given the values a and b calculated above, is:
The second expression for p may be expanded as follows:
Since (216 - 1)4 ≈ 264, we can approximate p with the following expression:
The percentage error in this approximation approaches 0 as a approaches 255, and does not exceed 21.2%.
For a constant probability p, the probability P that a player can capture the Pokémon with no more than r tries is:
Note that this is the cumulative probability function for a geometric distribution. The expected value of r is 1/p, that is to say, on average, a Pokémon that can be caught with probability p will be caught with 1/p tries.
The inverse problem, the number of tries, r, needed to have a probability P of capturing a Pokémon is:
Poké Ball effectiveness rates
| Ball | Rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Poké Ball
|
1× | |
 Great Ball
|
1.5× | |
 Ultra Ball
|
2× | |
 Master Ball
|
255× | Never fails |
 Safari Ball
|
1.5× | Safari Zones only |
 Level Ball
|
1×, 2×, 4× or 8× | 1× if the player's Pokémon is the same level as or a lower level than the wild Pokémon 2× if the player's Pokémon is at a higher level than the wild Pokémon but less than double it |
 Lure Ball
|
1× or 3× | 3× only if fishing |
 Moon Ball
|
1× or 4× | 4× only if used on a Pokémon in the Nidoran♂, Nidoran♀, Clefairy, Jigglypuff or Skitty families |
 Friend Ball
|
1× | |
 Love Ball
|
1× or 8× | 8× only if used on a Pokémon of the same species as, but opposite gender of, the player's Pokémon |
 Heavy Ball
|
-20, +20, +30 or +40 | -20 if used on Pokémon weighing less than 451.5 lbs +20 if used on Pokémon weighing between 451.5 lbs and 677.3 lbs |
 Fast Ball
|
1× or 4× | 4× only if used on a Pokémon that run from battle or roaming PokémonWrong template. See Template:Sup/doc. 4× only if used on a Pokémon with a base Speed of at least 100Wrong template. See Template:Sup/doc. |
 Sport Ball
|
1.5× | Bug-Catching Contest only |
 Net Ball
|
1× or 3× | 3× only if the target is a Bug- or Water-type Pokémon |
 Nest Ball
|
1× to 4× | ((40 - Pokémon's level) / 10)×, minimum 1× |
 Repeat Ball
|
1× or 3× | 3× only if target has been caught previously |
 Timer Ball
|
1× to 4× | ((number of turns passed in battle + 10) / 10)×, maximum 4× |
 Premier Ball
|
1× | |
 Luxury Ball
|
1× | |
 Dive Ball
|
1× or 3.5× | 3.5× only if divingWrong template. See Template:Sup/doc.Wrong template. See Template:Sup/doc. or surfing/fishingWrong template. See Template:Sup/doc.Wrong template. See Template:Sup/doc.Wrong template. See Template:Sup/doc. |
 Dusk Ball
|
1× or 3.5× | 3.5× only if inside a cave or night |
 Quick Ball
|
1× or 4× | 4× only if it's the first turn |
 Park Ball
|
255× | Never fails, Pal Park only |
 Dream Ball
|
255× | Never fails, Entralink only |
Examples
Most legendary Pokémon have a catch rate of three. Assuming its HP is almost depleted and it is paralyzed, and Dusk Ball is used at night or in a cave, then the chance of catching the Pokémon with each ball is approximated by 3 * 3.5 * 1.5 / 255 = 15.75/255 ~ 6.2%, resulting in about 16 Dusk Balls required to catch the Pokémon on average.
If an Ultra Ball were used instead, then the chance drops to 3 * 2 * 1.5 / 255 = 9/255 ~ 3.5%, which amounts to about 28 Ultra Balls on average.
Critical capture
In Generation V, there is a chance of a critical capture, where the Poké Ball will only shake on the ground once before capture. When a critical capture occurs, the Poké Ball will pause in mid-air, shudder, and make a high-pitched whistling sound as it is thrown.
The probability of a critical capture depends of the number of Pokémon that has previously been caught in the Pokédex. First, compute the value of a (the modified catch rate), as above. Then, whether or not this value is less than 255 (above which the Pokémon is caught regardless of whether or not it is a critical capture), multiply this value by the following:
| Species Caught | Multiplier |
|---|---|
| 2.5 | >600 |
| 2 | 451-600 |
| 1.5 | 301-450 |
| 1 | 151-300 |
| 0.5 | 31-150 |
| 0 | <30 |
A random number is generated, and if it is less than the modified value, a critical capture occurs.
Critical captures make two shake checks instead of four, thus it appears to increase the odds of capture for Pokémon with lower catch rates (however, it also decreases the odds of capture for Pokémon with higher catch rates). Though it may create higher odds of capture, a critical capture is not a guaranteed catch; it is possible for critical captures to fail. For example, a critical capture against a full-health Pokémon with a catch rate of 3 (such as Kyurem) with a Poké Ball will still only have a 6.26% chance of success, but it is much higher compared to the normal capture's 0.39% chance.
Trivia
- Most legendary Pokémon have a catch rate of 3 because it assures that a is always at least 1. This might be because the final result for a is rounded down when it is calculated, and to have a catch rate of zero would result in an error when trying to calculate b.
- Some people claim to have discovered button combinations that increase a Pokémon's catch rate; this is merely idle thought, as there is no method to improve catch rates other than the methods described above.
See also
References
- ポケットモンスター情報センター 2号館: ボール
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This game mechanics article is part of Project Games, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on the Pokémon games. |
