Vileplume (Pokémon)

From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
Revision as of 02:14, 23 November 2011 by Bry Landry (talk | contribs) (→‎Origin: Rafflesia is not poisonous)
Jump to navigationJump to search
Gloom #044: Gloom
Pokémon
#046: Paras Paras
Vileplume
ラフレシア Ruffresia
#045
045Vileplume.png
Art by Ken Sugimori from FireRed and LeafGreen
Type
Grass Poison
Category
Flower Pokémon
Abilities
Chlorophyll Effect Spore
Hidden Ability
Exp. at Lv. 100
1,059,860
Regional Pokédex numbers
Kanto
#045
Johto
#085
Hoenn
#090
Regional Browser numbers
Fiore
R-128
Almia
R-116
Oblivia
R-129 N-014
Height
3'11"
Imperial
1.2 m
Metric
Weight
41.0 lbs.
Imperial
18.6 kg
Metric
Dex color
Red
Catch rate
45 (5.9%)
Body style
Body12.png BodyUnknown.png
Blue-Striped
Footprint
 F045.png   F487O.png
Blue-Striped
Gender ratio
50% male, 50% female
Breeding
Grass group 21 cycles
(5355 minimum steps)
EV yield
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
3
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
Base Exp.: 184 Battle Exp.: 1841*

Vileplume (Japanese: ラフレシア Ruffresia) is a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.

It evolves from Gloom when exposed to a Leaf Stone. It is one of Oddish's final forms, the other being Bellossom.

Biology

Physiology

Vileplume has a Prussian Blue-colored body like its pre-evolutions, but has changed in that it now has a much larger "flower" on its head, slightly different than Gloom's flower, although still resembling a Rafflesia flower. Vileplume are said to have the largest petals in the world, and they contribute to a large percentage of their height. The size of the petals in relation to the rest of the body make Vileplume very sheltered from the sun, as the petals almost act as a sun visor.

Gender differences

A female has fewer, but bigger, spots on its petals.

Special abilities

Vileplume scatters toxic spores and releases noxious gases. Its toxic pollen sometimes triggers atrocious allergy attacks. It also has the world's largest petals which it uses to attract prey, and the larger its petals, the more pollen it scatters. The allergenic pollen is said to turn the air around Vileplume yellow, and is known to cause paralysis.

Behavior

The bud bursts into bloom with a bang. In seasons when Vileplume produces more pollen, the petals shake out heavy clouds of it with each step, turning the air around it yellow. Vileplume may also loudly flap its flower petals to scatter its pollen. The petals are used to attract prey that is then doused with toxic spores. Once the prey is immobilized, Vileplume catches and devours them. Because of the flower's huge size, Vilplume has a hard time lifting up its head.

Habitat

Vileplume live in grassy plains, and can also be found in tropical areas such as jungles and swamps, where the ground is rich in nutrients. It shares its home range with Oddish and Gloom.

Diet

Main article: Pokémon food

The petals are used to attract prey that is then doused with toxic spores. Once the prey is immobilized, Vileplume catches and devours them.

In the anime

File:Jessiebelle Vileplume.png
Vileplume in the anime

Jessiebelle's Vileplume

Vileplume's first major appearance was in Holy Matrimony. The Flower Pokémon was under the ownership of James's fiancee, Jessiebelle. Prior to the flashback when James ran away from home, it was once an Oddish. It reappeared in The Treasure Is All Mine! when Jessiebelle used it to open a blocked passageway.

Major appearances

Groups of Vileplume and Bellossom were feuding with each other in Whichever Way the Wind Blows.

Nicolette used a Vileplume to battle May's Munchlax in May's Egg-Cellent Adventure.

Minor appearances

Vileplume first appeared making cameo appearances in Pokémon Scent-sation, being one of the Pokémon owned by the attendants at the Celadon Gym.

One was seen at a party in The Battling Eevee Brothers.

In Mewtwo Strikes Back, a Vileplume owned by Neesha was among the Pokémon that were captured and cloned by Mewtwo. The Vileplume clone was seen again in Mewtwo Returns.

A differently patterned Vileplume appeared in Poké Ball Peril.

Ash, Tracey, and Jessie were affected by a Vileplume's Stun Spore in The Stun Spore Detour.

A Vileplume appeared in Hi Ho Silver Wind!

A Vileplume appeared at the start of Leave It To Brocko!. It was running through the forest throughout the night after being woken with a shock when a Nuzleaf fell out of its tree, hitting the Vileplume on its head.

A Vileplume also appeared in Pokémon Ranger and the Kidnapped Riolu! Part One.

Pokédex entries

Episode Pokémon Source Entry
EP048 Vileplume Ash's Pokédex Vileplume, the Flower Pokémon. Using the largest flower petals in the world, it spreads large amounts of pollen that cause allergic reactions.

In the manga

Erika's Vileplume in Pokémon Adventures

In the Electric Tale of Pikachu manga

Brock presents a Vileplume to the Sensational Sisters as a makeshift bouquet in The Human Race and the Pokémon Race.

In the Pokémon Adventures manga

Vileplume is one of the Pokémon owned by Erika, its powerful Petal Dance attack being its forte.

In the TCG

Main article: Vileplume (TCG)

Game data

Pokédex entries

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation I.
Generation I
Red The larger its petals, the more toxic pollen it contains. Its big head is heavy and hard to hold up.
Blue
Yellow Flaps its broad flower petals to scatter its poisonous pollen. The flapping sound is very loud.
Stadium Scatters allergy-causing pollen from its broad petals. The larger the petals, the more pollen is scattered.
Generation II
Gold It has the world's largest petals. With every step, the petals shake out heavy clouds of toxic pollen.
Silver The bud bursts into bloom with a bang. It then starts scattering allergenic, poisonous pollen.
Crystal By shaking its big petals, it scatters toxic pollen into the air, turning the air yellow.
Stadium 2 It has the world's largest petals. With every step, the petals shake out heavy clouds of toxic pollen.
Generation III
Ruby Vileplume's toxic pollen triggers atrocious allergy attacks. That's why it is advisable never to approach any attractive flowers in a jungle, however pretty they may be.
Sapphire Vileplume has the world's largest petals. They are used to attract prey that are then doused with toxic spores. Once the prey are immobilized, this Pokémon catches and devours them.
Emerald In seasons when it produces more pollen, the air around a Vileplume turns yellow with the powder as it walks. The pollen is highly toxic and causes paralysis.
FireRed Its petals are the largest in the world. It fiendishly scatters allergy-causing pollen from its petals.
LeafGreen The larger its petals, the more toxic pollen it contains. Its big head is heavy and hard to hold up.
Generation IV
Diamond Its petals are the largest in the world. As it walks, it scatters extremely allergenic pollen.
Pearl
Platinum
HeartGold It has the world's largest petals. With every step, the petals shake out heavy clouds of toxic pollen.
SoulSilver The bud bursts into bloom with a bang. It then starts scattering allergenic, poisonous pollen.
Generation V
Black Its petals are the largest in the world. As it walks, it scatters extremely allergenic pollen.
White
Black 2 {{{black2dex}}}
White 2 {{{white2dex}}}
Generation VI
X Unknown
Y Unknown


Game locations

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation I.
Generation I
Red Blue
None Evolve Gloom (Red only)
Blue (Japan)
None Trade
Yellow
None Evolve Gloom
Generation II
Gold Silver
None Evolve Gloom
Crystal
None Evolve Gloom
Generation III
Ruby Sapphire
None Evolve Gloom
Emerald
None Evolve Gloom
FireRed LeafGreen
None Evolve Gloom (FireRed only)
Colosseum
None Trade
XD
None Trade
Generation IV
Diamond Pearl
None Evolve Gloom
Platinum
None Evolve Gloom
HeartGold SoulSilver
None Evolve Gloom
Pal Park
Forest
Pokéwalker
None
Generation V
Black White
None Evolve Gloom (White only)
Black 2 White 2
None Trade
Dream World
None
Generation VI
X Y
None Trade



In side games

Game Location
Pokémon Snap River
Pokémon Pinball Evolve Gloom
Pokémon Pinball:
Ruby & Sapphire
Evolve Gloom
Pokémon Trozei! Secret Storage 3
Mr. Who's Den
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Red/Blue Rescue Team
Evolve Gloom
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Explorers of Time/Darkness
Evolve Gloom
Pokémon Ranger Sekra Mountain Range
Pokémon Ranger:
Shadows of Almia
Chroma Highlands
Pokémon Ranger:
Guardian Signs
Canal Ruins
Forest Temple (Mission 3: Torchic and Treasure Chests)
Light Temple
Pokémon Rumble Silent Forest
Pokémon Rumble Blast Forest: Everspring Valley

Stats

Base stats

Stat Range
At Lv. 50 At Lv. 100
75
135 - 182 260 - 354
80
76 - 145 148 - 284
85
81 - 150 157 - 295
100
94 - 167 184 - 328
90
85 - 156 166 - 306
50
49 - 112 94 - 218
Total:
480
Other Pokémon with this total
  • Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature.
  • Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.
  • This Pokémon's Special base stat in Generation I was 100.

Pokéathlon stats

Speed
2/2 ★★
Power
3/3 ★★★
Skill
3/3 ★★★
Stamina
5/5 ★★★★★
Jump
2/3 ★★
Total
15/16 ★★★


Type effectiveness

Under normal battle conditions in Generation V, this Pokémon is:
Damaged
normally by:
Normal
Fighting ½×
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water ½×
Grass ¼×
Electric ½×
Psychic
Ice
Dragon
Dark
None
Weak to:
Normal
Fighting ½×
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water ½×
Grass ¼×
Electric ½×
Psychic
Ice
Dragon
Dark
None
Immune to:
Normal
Fighting ½×
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water ½×
Grass ¼×
Electric ½×
Psychic
Ice
Dragon
Dark
None
Resistant to:
Normal
Fighting ½×
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water ½×
Grass ¼×
Electric ½×
Psychic
Ice
Dragon
Dark
None
Notes:

Learnset

By leveling up

Generation V
Other generations:
I - II - III - IV - VI - VII - VIII - IX
 Level   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
00Start Mega Drain Grass Special 04040 100100% 15
00Start Aromatherapy Grass Status 0000 —% 5
00Start Stun Spore Grass Status 0000 07575% 30
00Start PoisonPowder Poison Status 0000 07575% 35
5353 Petal Dance Grass Special 120120 100100% 10
6565 SolarBeam Grass Special 120120 100100% 10
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Vileplume
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Vileplume
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see level-up moves from other generations

By TM/HM

Generation V
Other generations:
I - II - III - IV - VI - VII - VIII - IX
 TM   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
Bag TM Poison Sprite.png TM06 Toxic Poison Status 0000 090}}90% 10
Bag TM Poison Sprite.png TM09 Venoshock Poison Special 06565 100}}100% 10
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM10 Hidden Power Normal Special 0000 100}}100% 15
Bag TM Fire Sprite.png TM11 Sunny Day Fire Status 0000 —}}—% 5
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM15 Hyper Beam Normal Special 150150 090}}90% 5
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM17 Protect Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 10
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM21 Frustration Normal Physical 0000 100}}100% 20
Bag TM Grass Sprite.png TM22 SolarBeam Grass Special 120120 100}}100% 10
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM27 Return Normal Physical 0000 100}}100% 20
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM32 Double Team Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 15
Bag TM Poison Sprite.png TM36 Sludge Bomb Poison Special 09090 100}}100% 10
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM42 Facade Normal Physical 07070 100}}100% 20
Bag TM Psychic Sprite.png TM44 Rest Psychic Status 0000 —}}—% 10
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM45 Attract Normal Status 0000 100}}100% 15
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM48 Round Normal Special 06060 100}}100% 15
Bag TM Grass Sprite.png TM53 Energy Ball Grass Special 08080 100}}100% 10
Bag TM Dark Sprite.png TM56 Fling Dark Physical 0000 100}}100% 10
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM68 Giga Impact Normal Physical 150150 090}}90% 5
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM70 Flash Normal Status 0000 100}}100% 20
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM75 Swords Dance Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 30
Bag TM Grass Sprite.png TM86 Grass Knot Grass Special 0000 100}}100% 20
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM87 Swagger Normal Status 0000 090}}90% 15
Bag TM Normal Sprite.png TM90 Substitute Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 10
Bag HM Normal Sprite.png HM01 Cut Normal Physical 05050 095}}95% 30
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Vileplume
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Vileplume
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see TM moves from other generations

By breeding

Generation V
Other generations:
II - III - IV - VI - VII - VIII - IX
 Father   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
Maractus
After You Normal Status —% 15
CottoneeWhimsicott
Charm Normal Status 100% 20
ParasParasectTangelaTangrowthChikoritaBayleef
MeganiumLotadLombreLudicolo
Flail* Normal Physical 100% 15
TangelaTangrowthSunkernSunfloraRoseliaRoserade
CacneaCacturneCarnivineSnoverAbomasnowMaractus
FoongusAmoongussFerroseedFerrothorn
Ingrain Grass Status —% 20
LotadLombreLudicoloSeedotNuzleafShiftry
Nature Power Normal Status —% 20
BulbasaurIvysaurVenusaurBellsproutWeepinbellVictreebel
ChikoritaBayleef MeganiumSunkernSunfloraNuzleaf
ShiftryTropiusTurtwigGrotleTorterraSnover
AbomasnowCottoneeWhimsicott
Razor Leaf Grass Physical 55 95% 25
BulbasaurIvysaurVenusaurOddishGloomVileplume
BellossomParasParasectBellsproutWeepinbellVictreebel
ExeggcuteExeggutorTangelaTangrowthChikoritaBayleef
MeganiumHoppipSkiploomJumpluffSunkernSunflora
LotadLombreLudicoloSeedotNuzleafShiftry
ShroomishBreloomRoseliaRoseradeCacneaCacturne
TropiusTurtwigGrotleTorterraCherubiCherrim
CarnivineSnoverAbomasnow
Secret Power Normal Physical 70 100% 20
BulbasaurIvysaurVenusaurChikoritaBayleefMeganium
HoppipSkiploomJumpluffSunkernSunfloraSeedot
NuzleafShiftryRoseliaRoseradeTropiusTurtwig
GrotleTorterraMaractusFoongusAmoonguss
Synthesis Grass Status —% 5
LotadLombreLudicoloCacneaCacturne
Teeter Dance* Normal Status 100% 20
TangelaTangrowth
Tickle Normal Status 100% 20
  • Moves marked with an asterisk (*) must be chain bred onto Vileplume in Generation V
  • Moves marked with a double dagger (‡) can only be bred from a Pokémon who learned the move in an earlier generation.
  • Moves marked with a superscript game abbreviation can only be bred onto Vileplume in that game.
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Vileplume
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Vileplume
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Egg moves from other generations

By tutoring

Generation V
Other generations:
II - III - IV - VI - VII - VIII - IX
 Game   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
This Pokémon learns no moves by tutoring.
  • A black abbreviation in a colored box indicates that Vileplume can be tutored the move in that game
  • A colored abbreviation in a white box indicates that Vileplume cannot be tutored the move in that game
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Vileplume
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Vileplume
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Move Tutor moves from other generations

By a prior evolution

Generation V
Other generations:
I - II - III - IV - VI - VII - VIII - IX
 Stage   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Absorb Grass Special 20 100% 25
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Sweet Scent Normal Status 100% 20
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Acid Poison Special 40 100% 30
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Sleep Powder Grass Status 75% 15
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Lucky Chant Normal Status —% 30
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Natural Gift Normal Physical —% 30
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Moonlight Normal Status —% 5
Oddish (Pokémon)/Generation V learnsetGloom (Pokémon)/Generation V learnset Giga Drain Grass Special 75 100% 10
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Vileplume
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Vileplume
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see moves from other generations

Side game data

Pokémon Pinball
 Pin045.png 
Acquisition: Evolve
Pokémon Pinball RS
 PinRS045.png 
Acquisition: Evolve
Pokémon Trozei!
 Trozeiani045.png 
Rarity: Rare
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Red Rescue Team and Blue Rescue Team
File:MDP RT 045.png Body size: 1
Recruit rate: Evolve
Friend Area: Jungle
Phrases
51%-100% HP Let me dose enemies with toxic pollen!
26%-50% HP Hey, watch it. I'm down to half HP.
1%-25% HP I can't do this... My flower is about to wilt...
Level up Yes, leveled up! You can count on me!
Partner phrases
51%-100% HP <name>, my HP is between 51% and 100%.
26%-50% HP <name>, my HP is between 26% and 50%.
1%-25% HP <name>, my HP is between 1% and 25%.
Level up Yes, leveled up! You can count on me!
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Explorers of Time, Explorers of Darkness
,
and Explorers of Sky
MDP E 045.png Body size: 1
Recruit rate: -12%
IQ group: B
Pokémon Ranger
Group:  Grass  Poké Assist: Grass PA.png
( Grass )
Field move: None
Loops: 9 Min. exp.: 46 Max. exp.: 86
Browser entry  
From the center of the flower on its head, Vileplume spews clouds of spores.
Pokémon Ranger: Shadows of Almia
Group:  Poison  Poké Assist: Poison PA.png
( Poison )
Field move: Cut 3 field move.png
(Cut ×3)
Browser entry  
It attacks by scattering different kinds of pollen.
Pokémon Ranger: Guardian Signs
Group: Poké Assist: Field move:
 Grass  Grass Assist.png
( Grass )
Past
Electric Assist.png
( Normal )
Cut 3 field move.png
(Cut ×3)
Past
Electrify 1 field move.png
(Electrify ×1)
Browser entry  
It creates vines around itself that make Pokémon Slowed.
N/A Not
Available
Defense
Speed
N/A Not
Available
Defense
Speed
N/A Not
Available
Defense
Speed
N/A Not
Available
Defense
Speed
N/A Not
Available
Defense
Speed
N/A Not
Available
Defense
Speed
PokéPark Wii: Pikachu's Adventure
None.png PokéPark Pad entry:
This Pokémon has no PokéPark Pad entry.
PokéPark 2: Wonders Beyond
None.png Strong: {{{Park2strong}}} Weak: {{{Park2weak}}}
PokéPark Pad entry:
This Pokémon has no PokéPark Pad entry.
None.png HP: Move: {{{ConquestMove}}}
Attack: Ability 1: {{{ConquestAbility1}}}
Defense: Ability 2: {{{ConquestAbility2}}}
Speed: Ability 3: {{{ConquestAbility3}}}
Does not evolve.
Range: 0 Perfect Links: {{{ConquestLink}}}

Evolution

Oddish
Unevolved
Oddish
 Grass  Poison 
Rare Candy
Level 21


Gloom
First Evolution
Gloom
 Grass  Poison 
Leaf Stone
Leaf Stone


Vileplume
Second Evolution
Vileplume
 Grass  Poison 


Sprites

Gen Game
I Red Blue Yellow Red (Ja) Green Back
Spr 1b 045.png Spr 1y 045.png Spr 1g 045.png Spr b g1 045.png
II Gold Silver Crystal   Back
Spr 2g 045.png Spr 2s 045.png Spr 2c 045.png Spr b 2g 045.png
Spr 2g 045 s.png Spr 2s 045 s.png Spr 2c 045 s.png Spr b 2g 045 s.png
III Ruby Sapphire Emerald FireRed LeafGreen Back
Spr 3r 045.png Spr 3e 045.png Spr 3f 045.png Spr b 3r 045.png
Spr 3r 045 s.png Spr 3e 045 s.png Spr 3f 045 s.png Spr b 3r 045 s.png
IV Diamond Pearl Platinum HeartGold SoulSilver Back
Spr 4d 045 m.png Spr 4p 045 m.png Spr 4h 045 m.png Spr b 4d 045 m.png
Spr 4d 045 f.png Spr 4p 045 f.png Spr 4h 045 f.png Spr b 4d 045 f.png
Spr 4d 045 m s.png Spr 4p 045 m s.png Spr 4h 045 m s.png Spr b 4d 045 m s.png
Spr 4d 045 f s.png Spr 4p 045 f s.png Spr 4h 045 f s.png Spr b 4d 045 f s.png
V Black White Black 2 White 2 Back
Spr 5b 045 m.png Spr 5b2 045 m.png Spr b 5b 045 m.png
Spr 5b 045 f.png Spr 5b2 045 f.png Spr b 5b 045 f.png
Spr 5b 045 m s.png Spr 5b2 045 m s.png Spr b 5b 045 m s.png
Spr 5b 045 f s.png Spr 5b2 045 f s.png Spr b 5b 045 f s.png
Vileplume For other sprites and images, please see Vileplume images on Bulbagarden Archives.

Trivia

Origin

Vileplume, like Gloom, is based on the the rafflesia arnoldii, a foul-smelling flower known as the world's largest single flower. This Pokémon more strongly resembles the flower than Gloom, which may represent the budding stage of the rafflesia. Vileplume's flower also looks alike to several other genus of rafflesia, notably cantleyi, keithii, pricei, panchoana and speciosa, of which the petal shape is a closest match. Female Vileplume may be based on Rafflesia hasseltii, as its petals have distinctively larger blotches than other genus of Rafflesia.

Name origin

Bulbanews
Bulbanews has an article related to this subject:

Vileplume's name comes from a combination of vile and plume, a swelling cluster of large, showy feathers (or in this case, petals). Its Japanese name is the word rafflesia.

In other languages

Language Name Name Origin
German Giflor From Gift and flor.
French Rafflésia From the flower of the same name.
Korean 라플레시아 Rapeulleshia
Chinese (Mandarin) 霸王花 Bàwánghuā A name for Rafflesia, which it is based upon. Literally "Tyrant flower".
Chinese (Cantonese) 霸王花 Bawòhngfā Same as Mandarin name.


Notes


External links

Gloom #044: Gloom
Pokémon
#046: Paras Paras


Project Pokédex logo.png This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon species, as well as Pokémon groups and forms.