Aipom (Pokémon)

For Pokémon GO information on this species, see the game's section.
← #189: Jumpluff	Pokémon	#191: Sunkern →
This article is about the species. For a specific instance of this species, see Aipom (disambiguation).

Aipom Long Tail Pokémon エイパム Eipam #190 Images on the Bulbagarden Archives
Type Normal Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Abilities Run Away or Pickup Cacophony Cacophony Skill Link Hidden Ability Cacophony Hidden Ability Cacophony Cacophony
Gender ratio Unknown 50% male, 50% female	Catch rate 45 (11.9%)
Breeding Egg Group Field Hatch time 20 cycles
Height 2′07″ 0.8 m Aipom 0'0" 0 m {{{form2}}} 0'0" 0 m {{{form3}}} 0'0" 0 m {{{form4}}}	Weight 25.4 lbs. 11.5 kg Aipom 0 lbs. 0 kg {{{form2}}} 0 lbs. 0 kg {{{form3}}} 0 lbs. 0 kg {{{form4}}}
Mega Stone [[|]] [[|]]
Base experience yield 94 Gen. II-IV Unknown IV 72 V+	Leveling rate Fast
EV yield Total: 1 Aipom 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 1 Speed 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 0 Speed 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 0 Speed 0 HP 0 Atk 0 Def 0 Sp.Atk 0 Sp.Def 0 Speed
Shape	Footprint {{{form2}}}
Pokédex color   Purple	Base friendship 70
External Links On Smogon Pokédex: Generation II Generation III Generation IV Generation V Generation VI Generation VII Generation VIII Generation IX Artwork on Bulbagarden Archives

Aipom (Japanese: エイパム Eipam) is a Normal-type Pokémon introduced in Generation II.

It evolves into Ambipom when leveled up while knowing Double Hit.

Biology

Aipom getting a banana

Aipom is a monkey-like Pokémon with a three-fingered hand at the end of its tail. Its fur is purple, while the skin of its face, inner ears, belly, feet, and the tip of its tail is beige. On its face are a usually cheeky smile and round, blue eyes. Supplemented by its round ears, Aipom's head is disproportionately large compared to its body. Atop its head is a cowlick that is longer on females than males. Unlike its feet, Aipom's arms are simple, purple stubs.

Aipom uses its powerful tail freely and cleverly for many purposes. The tail is strong enough to anchor Aipom to a branch and suspend the rest of its body in the air, but also delicate enough to pick fruit and manipulate objects. Aipom has been known to wrap its tail around tree branches as it sleeps so it does not fall. Since Aipom uses its tail so much, its actual arms are not as dexterous and become clumsy over time. Aipom lives high in the treetops, using its tail for balance as it swings from branch to branch. In Alola, Bounsweet is its favorite food.

In the anime

Aipom in the anime

An Aipom Egg in the anime

Major appearances

Ash's/Dawn's Aipom

Multiple Aipom appeared in Slaking Kong!, one of which stole Ash's hat. After eventually returning it, she started following Ash and his friends. After making an unsuccessful attempt in the previous episode, Ash caught Aipom during Channeling the Battle Zone!. Her behavior is similar to that of Ash's Chikorita: attention-seeking, very naughty at times, and occasionally jealous. However, she developed a close bond with Ash. In Throwing the Track Switch, Ash traded her to Dawn for Buizel because Aipom developed a love of Contests and Buizel was more interested in Gym battles. Aipom evolved into Ambipom in Journey to the Unown! while battling the attacking Unown.

Other

Aipom debuted in Spell of the Unown: Entei, under the ownership of Lisa. Aipom was Lisa's primary Pokémon, and is often seen outside of its Ball. It volunteered to go third in Lisa's battle with Ash, going against Noctowl and winning.

An Aipom made off with one of Delibird's missing presents in Delibird's Dilemma.

Aipom made its main series debut in A Hot Water Battle, where a group of them was causing mischief.

In Hocus Pokémon, an Aipom's tear was needed for a spell.

An Aipom appeared in Pikachu and the Pokémon Music Squad.

Minor appearances

Two Aipom were part of a Pokémon street festival in Doin' What Comes Natu-rally.

Three Aipom were among the inhabitants of an oasis just for Pokémon in Got Miltank?.

In Extreme Pokémon, a recently hatched, baby Aipom appeared in a Pokémon Egg Ranch.

An Aipom was one of the Pokémon seen in a forest outside the Ice Path in EP250.

An Aipom briefly appeared in Pokémon Heroes: Latios & Latias, where it watched the Tour de Alto Mare, a water chariot race.

Four Aipom were among the Pokémon resting in some hot springs in Entei at Your Own Risk.

Multiple Aipom appeared in A Bite to Remember.

An Aipom appeared in Hi Ho Silver Wind!.

A wild Mew took the form of an Aipom in Lucario and the Mystery of Mew.

An Aipom appeared in The Saffron Con as a Pokémon owned by a Coordinator.

An Aipom was seen in the greenhouse in Sweet Baby James, where it was being looked after by Nanny and Pop-Pop.

A Trainer's Aipom appeared in Off the Unbeaten Path, where it was seen participating in the Pokémon Orienteering.

An Aipom appeared in Historical Mystery Tour!.

An Aipom briefly appeared in League Unleashed!.

An Aipom appeared in Kalos, Where Dreams and Adventures Begin!.

Pokédex entries

Episode Pokémon Source Entry EP167 Aipom Ash's Pokédex Aipom, the Long Tail Pokémon. Aipom is able to climb and hang from branches using its powerful tail. Aipom live atop tall trees.

Episode Subject Source Entry DP060 Double Hit Dawn's Pokédex Double Hit, a single attack that causes damage twice.

In the manga

Aipom in Pokémon Adventures

In the Pokémon Adventures manga

Main article: Aibo

Gold has an Aipom named Aibo which first appeared in Murkrow Row, one of the Pokémon he grew up with at his house in New Bark Town. Because he was not very powerful, he was typically used in situations that needed his dexterity or for distracting opponents with Double Team. In Pleased as Punch With Parasect, he evolved into an Ambipom.

A Trainer's Aipom appeared in Deprogramming Porygon-Z.

In the Pokémon Diamond and Pearl Adventure! manga

Multiple Aipom appeared in In Search of the Legendary Pokémon Dialga!!.

In the TCG

Main article: Aipom (TCG)

Game data

NPC appearances

• Pokémon Stadium 2: Aipom makes a cameo in the "Eager Eevee" mini-game. Aipom lifts the crate, but may also lower it quickly to fake out players.
• Pokémon Trozei!: Lucy Fleetfoot owns an Aipom.

Pokédex entries

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation II.
Generation II Gold Its tail is so powerful that it can use it to grab a tree branch and hold itself up in the air. Silver It lives atop tall trees. When leaping from branch to branch, it deftly uses its tail for balance. Crystal It uses its tail to hang on to tree branches. It uses its momentum to swing from one branch to another. Stadium 2 Its tail is so powerful that it can use it to grab a tree branch and hold itself up in the air.
Generation III Ruby Aipom's tail ends in a hand-like appendage that can be cleverly manipulated. However, because the Pokémon uses its tail so much, its real hands have become rather clumsy. Sapphire Emerald Its tail ends with a dexterous, handlike appendage. However, because it uses the tail so much, Aipom's real hands have become rather clumsy. FireRed It lives atop tall trees. When leaping from branch to branch, it deftly uses its tail for balance. LeafGreen Its tail is so powerful that it can use it to grab a tree branch and hold itself up in the air.
Generation IV Diamond It uses its tail to pluck fruits that are out of reach. Its tail is more adept than its real hands. Pearl It lives atop giant trees. It wraps its tail around a branch so it won't fall off while asleep. Platinum It lives high among the treetops. It can use its tail as freely and cleverly as its hands. HeartGold Its tail is so powerful that it can use it to grab a tree branch and hold itself up in the air SoulSilver It lives atop tall trees. When leaping from branch to branch, it deftly uses its tail for balance.
Generation V Black It lives high among the treetops. It can use its tail as freely and cleverly as its hands. White Black 2 It lives high among the treetops. It can use its tail as freely and cleverly as its hands. White 2
Generation VI X It lives atop tall trees. When leaping from branch to branch, it deftly uses its tail for balance. Y Its tail is so powerful that it can use it to grab a tree branch and hold itself up in the air. Omega Ruby Aipom's tail ends in a hand-like appendage that can be cleverly manipulated. However, because the Pokémon uses its tail so much, its real hands have become rather clumsy. Alpha Sapphire
Generation VII Ultra Sun As it did more and more with its tail, its hands became clumsy. It makes its nest high in the treetops. Ultra Moon It searches for prey from the tops of trees. When it spots its favorite food, Bounsweet, Aipom gets excited and pounces.

Game locations

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation II.
Generation II Gold Silver Routes 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 42, 43, 44 (Headbutt trees) Crystal Azalea Town, Routes 33, 42, 44 (Headbutt trees)
Generation III Ruby Sapphire Trade, Event Emerald Safari Zone extension FireRed LeafGreen Trade, Event Colosseum Shadow PKMN Lab (Shadow) XD Trade
Generation IV Diamond Pearl Honey trees Platinum Honey trees HeartGold SoulSilver Routes 28, 33, 42, 44, 45, 46, Azalea Town, Mt. Silver* (Headbutt trees) Pal Park Forest
Generation V Black White Trade Black 2 White 2 Breed Ambipom Dream World Dream Park
Generation VI X Y Friend Safari (Normal) Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire Routes 118 and 121 (hidden Pokémon*)
Generation VII Sun Moon Trade Ultra Sun Ultra Moon Poni Plains

In side games

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation II.
Generation II This Pokémon is unavailable in Generation II side games.
Generation III Channel Mt. Snowfall Trozei! Endless Level 3, Forever Level 3, Trozei Battle, Mr. Who's Den MD Red Wonder Mail code MD Blue Uproar Forest (1F-6F)
Generation IV MD Time MD Darkness Mystifying Forest (B1-B13), Mystery Jungle (B1-B29) MD Sky Mystifying Forest (B1-B13), Mystery Jungle (B1-B29) Ranger: SoA Union Road PokéPark Wii Meadow Zone, Haunted Zone Ranger: GS Curl Bay, Wireless Tower, Forest Temple
Generation V Rumble Blast Treetops: Shimmering Lake PokéPark 2 Crag Area Rumble U Magical Lake: Dual Launchers
Generation VI Battle Trozei Safari Jungle: Stage 2Mo Shuffle Event: Pokémon Safari (11th release) Rumble World Pearl Marsh: Colossal Tree (All Areas), Distortion Land: Vast Ocean (Back Boss) Picross Area 24: Stage 01

Aipom will not appear in Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Red Rescue Team until a rescue mission involving it has been completed, using a Wonder Mail code such as the following:

4 ? R C W ♂ T ? ? 0 7 6

F M ? Y 2 4 ? 5 + N ? W

Objective: Deliver Radar Orb to Aipom on floor 5 of Silent Chasm.

In events

Games	Event	Language	Location	Level	Distribution period
GSC	Gotta Catch 'Em All Station! Mimic Aipom	English	United States	5	January 10 to 16, 2003
RSEFRLG	Gather More Pokémon! Sixth Campaign Aipom	Japanese	Japan	10	April 22 to May 8, 2006

Stats

Base stats

Stat		Range
		At Lv. 50	At Lv. 100
HP: 55		115 - 162	220 - 314
Attack: 70		67 - 134	130 - 262
Defense: 55		54 - 117	103 - 229
Sp. Atk: 40		40 - 101	76 - 196
Sp. Def: 55		54 - 117	103 - 229
Speed: 85		81 - 150	157 - 295
Total: 360	Other Pokémon with this total
Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature. Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.

Pokéathlon stats

Speed 4/4 ★★★★	Power 2/3 ★★☆
Skill 4/4 ★★★★	Stamina 2/3 ★★☆
Jump 3/4 ★★★☆	Total 15/18 ★★★

Type effectiveness

Under normal battle conditions in Generation IX, this Pokémon is:

Damaged normally by: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 1× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 1× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 1× Fairy 1× None

Weak to: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 1× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 1× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 1× Fairy 1× None

Immune to: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 1× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 1× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 1× Fairy 1× None

Resistant to: Normal 1× Fighting 2× Flying 1× Poison 1× Ground 1× Rock 1× Bug 1× Ghost 0× Steel 1× Fire 1× Water 1× Grass 1× Electric 1× Psychic 1× Ice 1× Dragon 1× Dark 1× Fairy 1× None

Notes: If this Pokémon is given a Ring Target, the effectiveness of  Ghost-type  moves is 1×.

Learnset

By leveling up

Generation VII Other generations: II - III - IV - V - VI - VIII - IX

Level   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 011 Scratch Normal Physical 04040 100100% 35 011 Tail Whip Normal Status 0000— 100100% 30 044 Sand Attack Ground Status 0000— 100100% 15 088 Astonish Ghost Physical 03030 100100% 15 1111 Baton Pass Normal Status 0000— ——% 40 1515 Tickle Normal Status 0000— 100100% 20 1818 Fury Swipes Normal Physical 01818 08080% 15 2222 Swift Normal Special 06060 ——% 20 2525 Screech Normal Status 0000— 08585% 40 2929 Agility Psychic Status 0000— ——% 30 3232 Double Hit Normal Physical 03535 09090% 10 3636 Fling Dark Physical 0000— 100100% 10 3939 Nasty Plot Dark Status 0000— ——% 20 4343 Last Resort Normal Physical 140140 100100% 5

Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Aipom Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Aipom Click on the generation numbers at the top to see level-up moves from other generations

By TM/HM

Generation VII Other generations: II - III - IV - V - VI - VIII - IX

TM   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP  TM01 TM01 Work Up Normal Status 0000— —}}—% 30 TM06 TM06 Toxic Poison Status 0000— 090}}90% 10 TM10 TM10 Hidden Power Normal Special 06060 100}}100% 15 TM11 TM11 Sunny Day Fire Status 0000— —}}—% 5 TM12 TM12 Taunt Dark Status 0000— 100}}100% 20 TM17 TM17 Protect Normal Status 0000— —}}—% 10 TM18 TM18 Rain Dance Water Status 0000— —}}—% 5 TM21 TM21 Frustration Normal Physical 0000— 100}}100% 20 TM22 TM22 Solar Beam Grass Special 120120 100}}100% 10 TM24 TM24 Thunderbolt Electric Special 09090 100}}100% 15 TM25 TM25 Thunder Electric Special 110110 070}}70% 10 TM27 TM27 Return Normal Physical 0000— 100}}100% 20 TM30 TM30 Shadow Ball Ghost Special 08080 100}}100% 15 TM31 TM31 Brick Break Fighting Physical 07575 100}}100% 15 TM32 TM32 Double Team Normal Status 0000— —}}—% 15 TM40 TM40 Aerial Ace Flying Physical 06060 —}}—% 20 TM42 TM42 Facade Normal Physical 07070 100}}100% 20 TM44 TM44 Rest Psychic Status 0000— —}}—% 10 TM45 TM45 Attract Normal Status 0000— 100}}100% 15 TM46 TM46 Thief Dark Physical 06060 100}}100% 25 TM47 TM47 Low Sweep Fighting Physical 06565 100}}100% 20 TM48 TM48 Round Normal Special 06060 100}}100% 15 TM56 TM56 Fling Dark Physical 0000— 100}}100% 10 TM62 TM62 Acrobatics Flying Physical 05555 100}}100% 15 TM65 TM65 Shadow Claw Ghost Physical 07070 100}}100% 15 TM66 TM66 Payback Dark Physical 05050 100}}100% 10 TM73 TM73 Thunder Wave Electric Status 0000— 090}}90% 20 TM85 TM85 Dream Eater Psychic Special 100100 100}}100% 15 TM86 TM86 Grass Knot Grass Special 0000— 100}}100% 20 TM87 TM87 Swagger Normal Status 0000— 085}}85% 15 TM88 TM88 Sleep Talk Normal Status 0000— —}}—% 10 TM89 TM89 U-turn Bug Physical 07070 100}}100% 20 TM90 TM90 Substitute Normal Status 0000— —}}—% 10 XTM100 TM100 Confide Normal Status 0000— —}}—% 20

Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Aipom Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Aipom Click on the generation numbers at the top to see TM moves from other generations

By breeding

Generation VII Other generations: II - III - IV - V - VI - VIII - IX

Parent   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP  Agility Psychic Status — —% 30 Beat Up Dark Physical — 100% 10 Bounce Flying Physical 85 85% 5 Counter Fighting Physical — 100% 20 Covet Normal Physical 60 100% 25 Double Slap Normal Physical 15 85% 10 Fake Out Normal Physical 40 100% 10 Pursuit Dark Physical 40 100% 20 Quick Guard Fighting Status — —% 15 Revenge Fighting Physical 60 100% 10 Screech Normal Status — 85% 40 Slam Normal Physical 80 75% 20 Spite Ghost Status — 100% 10 Switcheroo Dark Status — 100% 10 Tail SlapUSUM Normal Physical 25 85% 10

Moves marked with an asterisk (*) must be chain bred onto Aipom in Generation VII Moves marked with a double dagger (‡) can only be bred from a Pokémon who learned the move in an earlier generation. Moves marked with a superscript game abbreviation can only be bred onto Aipom in that game. Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Aipom Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Aipom Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Egg moves from other generations

By tutoring

Generation VII Other generations: II - III - IV - V - VI - VIII - IX

Game   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP  S M US UM Bounce Flying Physical 85 85% 5 S M US UM Covet Normal Physical 60 100% 25 S M US UM Fire Punch Fire Physical 75 100% 15 S M US UM Focus Punch Fighting Physical 150 100% 20 S M US UM Foul Play Dark Physical 95 100% 15 S M US UM Gunk Shot Poison Physical 120 80% 5 S M US UM Ice Punch Ice Physical 75 100% 15 S M US UM Iron Tail Steel Physical 100 75% 15 S M US UM Knock Off Dark Physical 65 100% 20 S M US UM Last Resort Normal Physical 140 100% 5 S M US UM Low Kick Fighting Physical — 100% 20 S M US UM Role Play Psychic Status — —% 10 S M US UM Seed Bomb Grass Physical 80 100% 15 S M US UM Shock Wave Electric Special 60 —% 20 S M US UM Snatch Dark Status — —% 10 S M US UM Snore Normal Special 50 100% 15 S M US UM Spite Ghost Status — 100% 10 S M US UM Thunder Punch Electric Physical 75 100% 15 S M US UM Uproar Normal Special 90 100% 10 S M US UM Water Pulse Water Special 60 100% 20

A black or white abbreviation in a colored box indicates that Aipom can be tutored the move in that game A colored abbreviation in a white box indicates that Aipom cannot be tutored the move in that game Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Aipom Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Aipom Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Move Tutor moves from other generations

Side game data

Pokémon Trozei! Rarity: Common
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Red Rescue Team and Blue Rescue Team Body size: 1 Recruit rate: 7.2% Friend Area: Energetic Forest Phrases 51%-100% HP This tail here? It works like another hand! 26%-50% HP Oi! I should tell you, my HP's gone down by about half. 1%-25% HP I'm all out of good news. My tail's lost its grip... Level up Yes! I got my level up! I'm so proud of my tail!
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Explorers of Time, Explorers of Darkness, and Explorers of Sky Body size: 1 Recruit rate: 6.4% IQ group: F
Pokémon Ranger: Shadows of Almia Group: Normal Poké Assist: Normal Field move: (Tackle ×1) Browser entry R-000 It attacks by throwing rocks with its tail and by tackling.
Pokémon Ranger: Guardian Signs Group: Normal Poké Assist: (present) Rock Field move: (present) (Crush ×1) Poké Assist: (past) Normal Field move: (past) (Crush ×1) Browser entry [[List of Pokémon by Oblivia Browser number|]] It throws stones to attack.
Pokémon Rumble Blast Attack ●● Defense ●● Speed ●●●
PokéPark Wii: Pikachu's Adventure PokéPark Pad entry: Aipom can be found playing in the Meadow or Haunted Zones. Their favorite Attractions are Venusaur's Vine Swing and Tangrowth's Swing-Along!
PokéPark 2: Wonders Beyond PokéPark Pad entry: Aipom looked forward to the Battle Tournament. They like to discuss highlights of the Battle Tournament with their Aipom friends.
Pokémon Battle Trozei Normal Attack Power: ★★★★★			Pokémon Shuffle Normal Attack Power: 50 - 70 0 #609 L-Boost Making an L-shaped match deals more damage than usual.
Pokémon GO Base HP: 110 Base Attack: 136 Base Defense: 112 Egg Distance: 2 km Buddy Distance: 3 km Evolution Requirement: N/A Fast Attacks: Scratch, Astonish Charged Attacks: Low Sweep, Swift, Aerial Ace

Evolution

Unevolved Aipom  Normal

Level up knowing Double Hit →

First Evolution Ambipom  Normal

Sprites

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation II.
Generation II Gold Silver Crystal Front Back Front Back Front Back
Generation III Ruby Sapphire Emerald FireRed LeafGreen Front Back Front Back Front Back
Generation IV Diamond Pearl Platinum HeartGold SoulSilver Front Back Front Back Front Back
Generation V Black White Black 2 White 2 Front Back Front Back
Generation VI X Y Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire Front Back Front Back
Generation VII Sun Moon Ultra Sun Ultra Moon Front Back Front Back

For other sprites and images, please see Aipom images on the Bulbagarden Archives.

Japanese sprites

Gold	Silver	Back

Trivia

• Clemont uses a gadget based on Aipom's tail, called the Aipom arm.

Origin

Aipom appears to be based on a monkey and the exaggerated concept of a prehensile tail. It may be specifically based on the squirrel monkey, which is similar in appearance. Aipom also shares its large smile with a cymbal-banging monkey toy. It is also similar to an ahuizotl, a creature of Aztec mythology with monkey hands and a fifth human hand on its tail.

Name origin

Aipom and Eipam may be a combination of ape and palm (referring to the hand on its tail). It may also refer to a pom-pom.

In other languages

Language Title Meaning Japanese エイパム Eipam From ape, palm, and pom-pon French Capumain From capucin and main Spanish Aipom Same as English name German Griffel From Griff and Affe Italian Aipom Same as English name Korean 에이팜 Eipam Transliteration of its Japanese name Mandarin Chinese 長尾怪手 Chángwěiguàishǒu Literally "Long tail, strange hand", a reference to its tail Cantonese Chinese

More languages Hindi ऐपोम Aipom Transcription of English name Russian Эйпом Eypom Transcription of English name

Related articles

• Ash/Dawn's Aipom
• Aibo

External links

← #189: Jumpluff

Pokémon

#191: Sunkern →

This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon species, as well as Pokémon groups and forms.