Clamperl (Pokémon)

From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
Jump to navigationJump to search
For Pokémon GO information on this species, see the game's section.
0365MS.png #0365: Walrein
Pokémon
#0367: Huntail 0367MS.png
Clamperl
Bivalve Pokémon
パールル
Pearlulu
#0366
Clamperl



Images on the Bulbagarden Archives
Type
Water Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Abilities
Shell Armor Cacophony
Cacophony
Rattled
Hidden Ability
Cacophony
Hidden Ability
Cacophony
Cacophony
Gender ratio
Unknown
50% male, 50% female
Catch rate
255 (43.9%)
Breeding
Egg Group
Water 1
Hatch time
20 cycles
Height
1'04" 0.4 m
Clamperl
0'0" 0 m
{{{form2}}}
0'0" 0 m
{{{form3}}}
0'0" 0 m
{{{form4}}}
Weight
115.7 lbs. 52.5 kg
Clamperl
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form2}}}
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form3}}}
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form4}}}
Mega Stone
[[|]] [[|]]
Base experience yield
142
Gen. III-IV
Unknown
IV
69
V+
Leveling rate
Erratic
EV yield
Total: 1
Clamperl
0
HP
0
Atk
1
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
Shape
Body01.png
Footprint
F0366.png F000.png
{{{form2}}}
Pokédex color
Blue
Base friendship
70
External Links

Clamperl (Japanese: パールル Pearlulu) is a Water-type Pokémon introduced in Generation III.

It evolves into Huntail when traded while holding a Deep Sea Tooth or into Gorebyss when traded while holding a Deep Sea Scale.

Biology

Clamperl is an aquatic bivalve Pokémon that makes its home on the seafloor. Its bivalve shell is dark blue with a silver rim along the inner edges. The shell is used to clamp down on prey, as well as for protection. A fully-grown shell will have nicks and scratches all over. Inside of the shell is a fragile, light blue body composed of six spherical extensions with a pink, pearl-like head in the center, usually depicted with its eyes closed. There is a circular white patch on each cheek.

The pearls produced by this Pokémon amplify psychic power and can be blue in color as seen in the anime. Spoink's pearls come from Clamperl. These pearls are also 10 times more valuable than pearls produced by Shellder. It is carnivorous, clamping down on prey without letting go until it stops moving. When it is close to evolution, Clamperl will become too big to fit inside its shell. Clamperl is the only Pokémon that gains extra effects by holding a Deep Sea Tooth or Deep Sea Scale. Clamperl have been observed being carried by Drifblim, its natural predator.

Evolution

Clamperl evolves into either Huntail or Gorebyss.

(For specifics on this Pokémon's Evolution in the games, refer to Game data→Evolution data.)

Clamperl
Unevolved
Clamperl
 Water 

Huntail
First Evolution
Huntail
 Water 

Gorebyss
First Evolution
Gorebyss
 Water 

Game data

Pokédex entries

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation III.
Generation III Hoenn
#176
Kanto
#—
Ruby Clamperl's sturdy shell is not only good for protection - it is also used for clamping and catching prey. A fully grown Clamperl's shell will be scored with nicks and scratches all over.
Sapphire Clamperl grows while being protected by its rock-hard shell. When its body becomes too large to fit inside the shell, it is sure evidence that this Pokémon is getting close to evolution.
Emerald A Clamperl slams its shell closed on prey to prevent escape. The pearl it creates upon evolution is said to be infused with a mysterious energy.
FireRed It is protected by a sturdy shell. Once in a lifetime, it makes a magnificent pearl.
LeafGreen
Generation IV Sinnoh
#—
Johto
#—
Diamond It makes a single pearl during its lifetime. The pearl is said to amplify psychic power.
Pearl
Platinum
HeartGold When it evolves, it makes a mysterious pearl that amplifies psychic powers when it's held.
SoulSilver
Generation V Unova
#—
Black It makes a single pearl during its lifetime. The pearl is said to amplify psychic power.
White
Black 2 It makes a single pearl during its lifetime. The pearl is said to amplify psychic power.
White 2
Generation VI Kalos
Coastal #141
Hoenn
#185
X When it evolves, it makes a mysterious pearl that amplifies psychic powers when it's held.
Y It is protected by a sturdy shell. Once in a lifetime, it makes a magnificent pearl.
Omega Ruby Clamperl's sturdy shell is not only good for protection—it is also used for clamping and catching prey. A fully grown Clamperl's shell will be scored with nicks and scratches all over.
Alpha Sapphire Clamperl grows while being protected by its rock-hard shell. When its body becomes too large to fit inside the shell, it is sure evidence that this Pokémon is getting close to evolution.
Generation VII Alola
 US  UM : #140
Kanto
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Sun, Moon, Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!.
Ultra Sun Despite its appearance, it's carnivorous. It clamps down on its prey with both sides of its shell and doesn't let go until they stop moving.
Ultra Moon Clamperl's pearls are exceedingly precious. They can be more than 10 times as costly as Shellder's pearls.
Generation VIII Galar
#—
Sinnoh
#—
Hisui
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Sword, Shield, and Legends: Arceus.
Brilliant Diamond It makes a single pearl during its lifetime. The pearl is said to amplify psychic power.
Shining Pearl
Generation IX Paldea
#—
Kitakami
#—
Blueberry
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Generation IX.


Pokédex Image Clamperl USUM.png
Clamperl in the Alola PokédexUSUM

Game locations

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation III.
Generation III
Ruby Sapphire
Underwater (Routes 124 and 126)
Emerald
Underwater (Routes 124 and 126)
FireRed LeafGreen
Trade
Colosseum
Trade
XD
Trade
Generation IV
Diamond Pearl
Routes 219 and 221 (Super Rod)
Platinum
Trade
HeartGold SoulSilver
Route 19 (Surfing during a Swarm)
Pal Park
Sea
Generation V
Black White
Route 4 (Fishing)
Black 2 White 2
Route 4 (Fishing)
Dream World
Sparkling Sea
Generation VI
X Y
Route 12 (Good Rod)
Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Routes 107, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130 (Underwater)
Generation VII
Sun Moon
Trade
Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Route 15, Melemele Sea (Fishing)
Let's Go Pikachu Let's Go Eevee
Unobtainable
Generation VIII
Sword Shield
Unobtainable
Brilliant Diamond Shining Pearl
Routes 219 and 221 (Super Rod)
Grand Underground - Fountainspring Cave, Riverbank Cave, Still-Water Cavern (After obtaining the National Pokédex)
Legends: Arceus
Unobtainable
Generation IX
Scarlet Violet
Unobtainable


In side games

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation III.
Generation III
Pinball: R&S
Lake, Ocean (Sapphire Field)
Trozei!
Secret Storage 18, Endless Level 12, Trozei Battle, Mr. Who's Den
MD Red MD Blue
Silver Trench (65F-79F), Far-off Sea (65F-75F)
Generation IV
MD Time MD Darkness
Surrounded Sea (B1F-B19F), Miracle Sea (B1F-B18F, Deep Miracle Sea B1F-B4F), Bottomless Sea (1F-25F))
MD Sky
Surrounded Sea (B1F-B19F), Miracle Sea (B1F-B18F, Deep Miracle Sea B1F-B4F), Bottomless Sea (1F-25F)
Ranger: SoA
Sea of Wailord
Ranger: GS
Coral Sea
Generation V
Rumble Blast
Beach: Echo Valley
Rumble U
Variety Battle: Empoleon the Great
Generation VI
Battle Trozei
Safari Jungle: Stage 1We
Rumble World
Origin Hideaway: Secret Cove (All Areas), Distortion Land: Vast Ocean (All Areas)
Picross
Area 16: Stage 05
Generation VII
Rumble Rush
Celebi Sea, Butterfree Sea, Rayquaza Sea, Celebi SeaFinal
Generation VIII
MD DX
Silver Trench (65F-79F), Far-Off Sea (65F-74F)
Mystery House: Uproar Forest, Desert Region, Southern Cavern, Wyvern Hill, Grand Sea, Far-Off Sea, Remains Island, Fantasy Strait
New Snap
Blushing BeachNight, Maricopia Reef Evening, Lental SeafloorLevel 2+
Cross-Generation
Shuffle
Violeta Palace: Stage 392


Held items

Games Held items
Ruby Sapphire
Emerald
Diamond Pearl
Big Pearl Big Pearl (5%)
HeartGold SoulSilver
Black White
Black 2 White 2
X Y
Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Pearl Pearl (50%)
Big Pearl Big Pearl (5%)
Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Brilliant Diamond Shining Pearl

Stats

Base stats

Stat Range
At Lv. 50 At Lv. 100
35
95 - 142 180 - 274
64
62 - 127 119 - 249
85
81 - 150 157 - 295
74
71 - 138 137 - 271
55
54 - 117 103 - 229
32
33 - 92 62 - 179
Total:
345
Other Pokémon with this total
  • Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature.
  • Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.

Pokéathlon stats

Speed
3/3 ★★★
Power
3/3 ★★★
Skill
2/3 ★★
Stamina
4/5 ★★★★
Jump
2/3 ★★
Total
14/17 ★★


Type effectiveness

Under normal battle conditions in Generation IX, this Pokémon is:
Damaged
normally by:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Weak to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Immune to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Resistant to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None

Learnset

Clamperl is available in Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl.

By leveling up

Generation VIII
Other generations:
III - IV - V - VI - VII - IX
 Level   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP
011 Water Gun Water Special 04040 100100% 25
011 Whirlpool Water Special 03535 08585% 15
011 Iron Defense Steel Status 0000 —% 15
5050 Shell Smash Normal Status 0000 —% 15
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Clamperl
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Clamperl
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see level-up moves from other generations

By TM

Generation VIII
Other generations:
III - IV - V - VI - VII - IX
   TM   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
TM03
Bag TM Water SwSh Sprite.png
TM03 Water Pulse Water Special 06060 100}}100% 20
TM07
Bag TM Ice SwSh Sprite.png
TM07 Hail Ice Status 0000 —}}—% 10
TM13
Bag TM Ice SwSh Sprite.png
TM13 Ice Beam Ice Special 09090 100}}100% 10
TM14
Bag TM Ice SwSh Sprite.png
TM14 Blizzard Ice Special 110110 070}}70% 5
TM17
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM17 Protect Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 10
TM18
Bag TM Water SwSh Sprite.png
TM18 Rain Dance Water Status 0000 —}}—% 5
TM32
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM32 Double Team Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 15
TM42
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM42 Facade Normal Physical 07070 100}}100% 20
TM44
Bag TM Psychic SwSh Sprite.png
TM44 Rest Psychic Status 0000 —}}—% 10
TM45
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM45 Attract Normal Status 0000 100}}100% 15
TM49
Bag TM Water SwSh Sprite.png
TM49 Scald Water Special 08080 100}}100% 15
TM55
Bag TM Water SwSh Sprite.png
TM55 Brine Water Special 06565 100}}100% 10
TM58
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM58 Endure Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 10
TM82
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM82 Sleep Talk Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 10
TM87
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM87 Swagger Normal Status 0000 085}}85% 15
TM90
Bag TM Normal SwSh Sprite.png
TM90 Substitute Normal Status 0000 —}}—% 10
TM95
Bag TM Water SwSh Sprite.png
TM95 Surf Water Special 09090 100}}100% 15
TM99
Bag TM Water SwSh Sprite.png
TM99 Waterfall Water Physical 08080 100}}100% 15
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Clamperl
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Clamperl
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see TM moves from other generations

By breeding

Generation VIII
Other generations:
III - IV - V - VI - VII - IX
 Parent   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
SeelDewgongMarillAzumarillCorsolaMantineMiloticGorebyss
Aqua Ring Water Status —% 20
PoliwagPoliwhirlPoliwrathPolitoedLaprasSphealSealeoWalreinShellosGastrodon
Body Slam Normal Physical 85 100% 15
LaprasMantine
Confuse Ray Ghost Status 100% 10
WooperQuagsireMarshtompSwampertShellosGastrodon
Muddy Water Water Special 90 85% 10
MantineMudkipMarshtompSwampertWingullPelipperMasquerain
Supersonic Normal Status 55% 20
  • Moves marked with an asterisk (*) must be chain bred onto Clamperl in Generation VIII
  • Moves marked with a double dagger (‡) can only be bred from a Pokémon who learned the move in an earlier generation.
  • Moves marked with a superscript game abbreviation can only be bred onto Clamperl in that game.
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Clamperl
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Clamperl
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Egg moves from other generations

By tutoring

Generation VIII
Other generations:
III - IV - V - VI - VII - IX
 Game   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
This Pokémon learns no moves by tutoring.
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Clamperl
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Clamperl
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Move Tutor moves from other generations

TCG-only moves

Move Card
Bubble Clamperl (EX Hidden Legends 58)

Side game data

Pokémon Pinball RS
PinRS366.png PinRSani366.png
Acquisition: Catch
Pokémon Trozei!
Trozeiani366.png
Rarity: Common
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Red Rescue Team and Blue Rescue Team
Body size: 1
Recruit rate: 8.5%
Friend Area: Deep-Sea Floor
Phrases
51%-100% HP In my lifetime, I can make one pearl, and that's it!
26%-50% HP My health has dipped to approximately halfway down.
1%-25% HP I can't go on... Please save my pearl at least...
Level up All right! I gained a level! My pearl is growing bigger!
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Explorers of Time, Explorers of Darkness, and Explorers of Sky
MDP E 366.png Body size: 1
Recruit rate: 8.2%
IQ group: F
Pokémon Super Mystery Dungeon
MDP 3DS 366.png

Body size: Standard (1 tile)
How to Recruit: Introduced by Kingdra
Connected to: Kingdra
Connection Orb Set: 13

Phrases
Normal Look! I've managed to make pearls! Now I have to show them to Spoink!
Low HP (< 50%) I'm so tired, I may lose my grip on my pearl…
Pokémon Ranger: Guardian Signs
Group:
Water
Poké Assist:
(present)
Water Assist.png
Water
Field move:
(present)
Cut 1 field move.png
(Cut ×1)
Not available in the past.
Browser entry R-064
It attacks by spitting bubbles that make Pokémon Slowed.
Pokémon Rumble Blast
Attack ●●
Defense ●●●
Speed ●●●
Pokémon Rumble Rush
Rush366Body.png Walking Speed: 1.67 seconds Base HP: 43
Base Attack: 71 Base Defense: 53 Base Speed: 60
Pokémon Battle Trozei
Water
Attack Power: ★★★★

BT366.png

Pokémon Shuffle
None Shuffle.png
Water
None Shuffle.png Attack Power: 50 - 100 Raise Max Level.png 5

#538
Shuffle366.png

Mega Boost+
Fills the Mega Gauge of the same type of Pokémon more.


Pokémon GO
GO366.png Base HP: 111 Base Attack: 133 Base Defense: 135
Egg Distance: 5 km Buddy Distance: 3 km Evolution Requirement: Clamperl Candy50
Fast Attacks: Water Gun
Charged Attacks: Body Slam, Ice Beam, Water Pulse
New Pokémon Snap
NPS366.png
Photodex entry #094
Clamperl is constantly in search of safe coral reefs where it can protect itself. It’ll sometimes catch a ride from Drifblim when it wants to move.

Evolution data

Clamperl
Unevolved
Clamperl
 Water 
Link Trade icon SV.png + Dream Deep Sea Tooth Sprite.png
Trade
holding Deep Sea Tooth
Huntail
First Evolution
Huntail
 Water 
Link Trade icon SV.png + Dream Deep Sea Scale Sprite.png
Trade
holding Deep Sea Scale
Gorebyss
First Evolution
Gorebyss
 Water 

Sprites

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation III.
Generation III
Ruby Sapphire Emerald FireRed LeafGreen
Spr 3r 366.png Spr b 3r 366.png Spr 3e 366.png Spr b 3e 366.png Spr 3f 366.png Spr b 3f 366.png
Spr 3r 366 s.png Spr b 3r 366 s.png Spr 3e 366 s.png Spr b 3e 366 s.png Spr 3f 366 s.png Spr b 3f 366 s.png
Front Back Front Back Front Back
Generation IV
Diamond Pearl Platinum HeartGold SoulSilver
Spr 4d 366.png Spr b 4d 366.png Spr 4p 366.png Spr b 4p 366.png Spr 4h 366.png Spr b 4h 366.png
Spr 4d 366 s.png Spr b 4d 366 s.png Spr 4p 366 s.png Spr b 4p 366 s.png Spr 4h 366 s.png Spr b 4h 366 s.png
Front Back Front Back Front Back
Generation V
Black White Black 2 White 2
Spr 5b 366.png Spr b 5b 366.png Spr 5b2 366.png Spr b 5b2 366.png
Spr 5b 366 s.png Spr b 5b 366 s.png Spr 5b2 366 s.png Spr b 5b2 366 s.png
Front Back Front Back
Generation VI
X Y Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Spr 6x 366.png
Spr b 6x 366.png
Spr 6o 366.png
Spr b 6o 366.png
Spr 6x 366 s.png
Spr b 6x 366 s.png
Spr 6o 366 s.png
Spr b 6o 366 s.png
Front Back Front Back
Generation VII
Sun Moon Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Spr 7s 366.png
Spr b 7s 366.png
Spr 7s 366.png
Spr b 7s 366.png
Spr 7s 366 s.png
Spr b 7s 366 s.png
Spr 7s 366 s.png
Spr b 7s 366 s.png
Front Back Front Back
This Pokémon is unavailable in Generation IX.
Cross-Generation
HOME
HOME0366.png HOME0366 s.png
366MS.png For other sprites and images, please see Clamperl images on the Bulbagarden Archives.


In the anime

Clamperl in the anime

Main series

Major appearances

Clamperl debuted in Clamperl of Wisdom as a resident of Maisie Island. Spoink lost its pearl and took a blue pearl that was created by a Clamperl from Isaiah's lab, thus causing conflict with the Bivalve Pokémon. Team Rocket also wanted to get their hands on the blue pearl.

In The Evolutionary War!, Nancy and Keith each had a Clamperl. It was revealed that Trainers who live on the A-B-C Islands have rivalries over which of Clamperl's evolved forms was stronger. Both Nancy and Keith's Clamperl evolved during the episode, with Nancy's becoming a Gorebyss and Keith's evolving into Huntail.

Minor appearances

In Saved by the Beldum, a Trainer's Clamperl was at the Ever Grande Conference.

A Clamperl appeared in the opening sequence of Lucario and the Mystery of Mew.

In New Plot, Odd Lot!, a Coordinator's Clamperl competed in the Performance Stage of the Mulberry Contest.

In Meloetta's Moonlight Serenade, a Clamperl attended Meloetta's concert.

In Going for the Gold!, multiple Clamperl were living in the Ambrette Aquarium.

A Clamperl appeared in On Land, In the Sea, and to the Future!.

A Clamperl appeared in Looking Out for Number Two!.

A Vendor's Clamperl appeared in The Door That Never Opens.

Pokédex entries

Episode Pokémon Source Entry
AG093 Clamperl May's Pokédex Clamperl, the Bivalve Pokémon. Clamperl holds a powerful shell that's useful not only in protecting itself, but also in clamping down on prey.

Pokémon Generations

In The Cavern, a Clamperl was in the waters that surrounded the Mossdeep Space Center.

In the manga

Pokémon Adventures

In The Beginning of the End with Kyogre & Groudon XIII, Clamperl was a member of Wallace's team that he used during his ascent to Champion. Little is known about it, not even its gender or nickname.

Similar to his apprentice, Juan owns a Clamperl, as shown on the cover of a volume of the Ruby & Sapphire arc.

In the TCG

Main article: Clamperl (TCG)

Trivia

  • Clamperl shares its category with Shellder and Cloyster. They are all known as the Bivalve Pokémon.
  • Clamperl is the only Pokémon that evolves by trade holding one of two different items.
  • Clamperl can learn Iron Defense from a Move Tutor, but its evolutions, Huntail and Gorebyss, can't.
  • Clamperl is one of two Pokémon to have two different species-specific Stat-enhancing items associated with it, the other being Ditto.

Origin

Clamperl is possibly based on an oyster or a giant clam. Clamperl's appearance and its evolved forms suggest that it could also be based on roe, the eggs of fish and other marine animals.

Name origin

Clamperl may be a combination of clamp or clam and pearl.

Pearlulu may be a combination of pearl and possibly لؤلؤ lulu (Arabic for pearls).

In other languages

Language Title Meaning
Japan Flag.png Japanese パールル Pearlulu From pearl and possibly لؤلؤ lulu
France Flag.png French Coquiperl From coquille and perle
Spain Flag.png Spanish Clamperl Same as English name
Germany Flag.png German Perlu From Perle
Italy Flag.png Italian Clamperl Same as English name
South Korea Flag.png Korean 진주몽 Zinzumong From 진주 (眞珠) jinju and 몽 (夢) mong
China and Taiwan Flags.png Mandarin Chinese 珍珠貝 / 珍珠贝 Zhēnzhūbèi From 珍珠貝 / 珍珠贝 zhēnzhūbèi
Hong Kong Flag.png Cantonese Chinese 珍珠貝 Jānjyūbui From 珍珠貝 jānjyūbui


External links

0365MS.png #0365: Walrein
Pokémon
#0367: Huntail 0367MS.png
Project Pokédex logo.png This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon species, as well as Pokémon groups and forms.